As an irreplaceable dietary constituent, lipids play a vital important role in health, but their effects on aging process and longevity are still not well known yet. In this paper, the metabolic profiling and gene expression levels of Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated to explore the effects of different edible oils on senescence and lifespan. The results showed that teaseed oil (TO) could prolong the life expectancy and slow down the aging process of C. elegans. Compared to the control group, the intake of lard oil (LO) and TO increased the expression levels of genes related to inhibition of protein aggregation (akt-1, daf-16, hsf-1, hsp-16.2) and lipid metabolism (daf-7, daf-1, mdt-15, lipl-4, fat-5, fat-6, fat-7), with a more significant alteration in TO group. Metabolomics revealed that palm oil can upregulated plenty of fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid, tetracosanoic acid), together with some amino acids (tryptophan, L-aspartate, L-valine) and carbohydrate (D-glucose), while the trend was opposite in TO group. Besides, moderate-to-strong correlations were found between differential metabolites and changed genes. In general, this paper claimed that TO could prolong lifespan and slow down aging process via regulating the lipids, amino acids and carbohydrates metabolism.